Mammography use and breast cancer incidence among older U.S. women

Breast Cancer Research and Treatment - The death rate for female breast cancer increases progressively with age, but organizations differ in their mammography screening recommendations for older...     

Tenosynovial complications identify TTR cardiac amyloidosis among patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype

Recent evidence suggests that carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and brachial biceps tendon rupture (BBTR) represent red flags for ATTR cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA). The prevalence of upper limb tenosynovial complications in conditions entering differential diagnosis with CA, such as HCM or Anderson–Fabry disease (AFD), and hence their predictive accuracy in this setting, still remains unresolved. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of CTS and BBTR in a consecutive cohort of ATTR-CA patients, compared with patients with HCM or AFD and with individuals without cardiac disease history. Participants: Consecutive patients with a diagnosis of ATTR-CA, HCM and AFD were evaluated. A control group of consecutive patients was recruited among subjects hospitalized for noncardiac reasons and no cardiac disease history. The presence of BBTR, CTS or prior surgery related to these conditions was ascertained. Results: 342 patients were prospectively enrolled, including 168 ATTR-CA (141 ATTRwt, 27 ATTRm), 81 with HCM/AFD (N = 72 and 9, respectively) and 93 controls. CTS was present in 75% ATTR-CA patients, compared with 13% and 10% of HCM/AFD and controls (P = 0.0001 for both comparisons). Bilateral CTS was present in 60% of ATTR-CA patients, while it was rare (2%) in the other groups. BBTR was present in 44% of ATTR-CA patients, 8% of controls and 1% in HCM/AFD. Conclusions: CTS and BBTR are fivefold more prevalent in ATTR-CA patients compared with cardiac patients with other hypertrophic phenotypes. Positive predictive accuracy for ATTR-CA is highest when involvement is bilateral. Upper limb assessment of patients with HCM phenotypes is a simple and effective way to raise suspicion of ATTR-CA.     

针灸治疗小儿脑瘫临床取穴配伍规律研究

目的:分析探讨近20年针灸治疗脑瘫取穴配伍特点及规律。方法:检索近20年CNKI、万方及维普数据库收录的针灸治疗脑瘫的相关文献,运用Excel及中医传承辅助平台软件分析数据。结果:研究共纳入文献311篇,取穴应用频次最多的为足三里、百会、四神聪、合谷、曲池、三阴交和阳陵泉,使用频次居前三位的经脉是督脉、足少阳胆经、手阳明大肠经,且取穴所在位置集中在下肢部、头颈部、上肢部,所选腧穴中特定穴以交会穴、五输穴、下合穴数量居多。穴位配伍百会和四神聪,合谷和足三里,曲池和合谷是针灸治疗脑瘫所取用的使用频次较高的腧穴配伍。结论:针灸治疗脑瘫具有注重四肢及头部选穴、侧重阳经取穴、注重特定穴的使用、重视上下配穴法的规律特点。     

脑淀粉样血管病相关炎症6例临床诊治的回顾性分析

脑淀粉样血管病相关炎症（cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation, CAA-ri）是β淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）沉积于脑血管壁引起的炎症反应，是CAA中较为罕见的临床亚型。以头痛、癫痫发作、认知和行为改变等为主要临床表现，但无特异性。头部磁共振（MRI）提示单发或多发白质高信号病灶，磁敏感加权序列（SWI）上存在超过１处皮质或皮质下出血性病灶，包括脑出血、脑微出血、皮质表面铁沉积等。本研究回顾性分析了2017年1月至 2019年9月于我院按照2016年新修订的诊断标准诊治的6例很有可能的CAA-ri病例，发现5例患者在常规T2及FLAIR序列也能检测出微出血和皮质表面铁沉积病灶，提示如果患者病程较长、年龄较大、微出血负荷重者常规核磁检查即能发现病灶，这一特点是诊断CAA-ri的线索，临床医生遇到这一现象应该高度重视，可进一步行SWI检查验证。     

临床医学专业“5+3”一体化本科全程导师制创新人才培养的实践与探索

以培养创新型人才为目标，大连医科大学制定实施了“5+3”创新人才培养改革方案，以导师制培养为载体，在医学本科教育全过程中，制定分阶段创新能力培养体系，涵盖课程、讲座、实验设计、论文等基本科研能力训练，强化本科生科研能力培养。通过对首届“5+3”学生阶段性培养成果的统计学分析发现，“5+3”学生发表中文期刊、SCI，主持国家级创新项目、省级创新项目的比例均显著高于普通5年制学生，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。虽然实施过程中存在一些问题和不足，但以导师制为核心的科研基础训练对提高学生科研思维和创新能力效果显著，对培养医学创新型人才具有可实施性。     

金莲花提取物代谢产物研究

目的:研究金莲花化学成分的体内代谢产物及代谢规律。方法:静脉注射方式给予大鼠金莲花提取物并在各时间段采血,利用高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离-串联质谱技术(LC-ESI-MS)对血清中的代谢产物进行研究。结果:根据LC-ESI-MS结果发现了23种原型成分及45种代谢产物。原型成分中有3种酚酸类物质、19种黄酮类物质、1种生物碱类物质。通过准分子离子峰及二级碎片得到了代谢产物可能的化学结构,分析了这些代谢产物的裂解途径,推测19种来源于酚酸类物质、20种来源于黄酮类物质、6种来源于生物碱类物质。结论:本研究探讨了金莲花提取物中化学成分的代谢规律,为其血液移行成分及药理作用的进一步研究奠定基础。     

双腔微导管在颈内动脉慢性闭塞再通治疗中的应用

目的 探讨双腔微导管在颈内动脉慢性闭塞病变血管再通治疗中应用的可行性、安全性和技术优势。      

Claims in total hip arthroplasty: analysis of the instigating factors,costs and possible solution

Over the years, the number of total hip replacements has been steadily increasing. Despite the improvement in surgical results, the number of claims for malpractice is higher. The primary endpoint of this work is to provide an analysis of litigation after hip replacement, to outline what are the instigating causes and costs. The secondary endpoint is to propose a possible preventive strategy for an improved care and a reduction in legal proceedings. The data of this study were collected from medical and legal files and from professional liability insurance of our institution from January 2005 to December 2016. Out of a total of 4770 THA, 40 claims were received. Peripheral nerve injuries represent the first cause of litigation (37%), followed by infectious complications, leg length discrepancy, metallosis, dislocations of the implant and a case of deep vein thrombosis. From the analysis of the past trial judgment, complications such as nerve lesions and infections are almost always recognized, as a medical error, with a high percentage of claims settled. This study shows the necessity of preventive strategies to reduce the higher number of claims for malpractice in total hip arthroplasty. Some complications such as nerve injuries and infection are frequently considered directly dependent on physician’s errors. Litigations can be reduced providing evidence of a diligent execution of the surgical procedure and of a proper postoperative management: the correct compilation of a specific informed consent and adequate doctor–patient communication.